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Trava [24]
3 years ago
13

How do antibodies fight pathogens

Biology
1 answer:
aliina [53]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

1) Antibodies are secreted into the blood and mucosa, where they bind to and inactivate foreign substances such as pathogens and toxins (neutralization).

2) Antibodies activate the complement system to destroy bacterial cells by lysis (punching holes in the cell wall).

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inessss [21]
Carpool to work,ride the bus,or switch to electric cars.
7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Under anaerobic conditions, such as intense exercise, pyruvate is converted to ____________ . This 3-carbon molecule travels thr
stiv31 [10]

Answer:

Under anaerobic conditions, such as intense exercise, pyruvate is converted to <u>lactate.</u> This 3-carbon molecule travels through the blood to the liver, where it can be converted to glucose by the <u>cori cycle.</u>

Under aerobic  conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, where it is converted to <u>acetyle CoA . </u>This 2-carbon molecule goes on to participate in a series of oxidative reactions called the <u>Citric acid cycle.</u>

Explanation:

In the question ,among the given 6 options ,the simplest way to find the answer can be ,to find either the option is aerobic (presence of free oxygen ) or anaerobic (lack of  free oxygen). Among the options , glucose is an incorrect option as it is a carbohydrate and used in respiration process .In aerobic process ,the glucose can be break down but in anaerobic ,it can only be used.

Other option is ATP- ATP is the energy source of the cell and used for storing energy or reactions of the cell,thus this option do not belong to the given question.

thus its clear the rest four options are the answer .

among four two options belong to aerobic and the rest two are anaerobic.

<u>Under anaerobic conditions-</u>

The pyruvate is converted into lactate because under the absence of oxygen only the NAD+ can be regenerated, thus further can allow glycolysis.

The cori cycle is also called lactic acidic cycle, thus this cycle is a metabollic pathway produced by anaerobic glycolysis (which takes place by regeneration of NAD+)transporting the molecules from blood to liver and  further converting to glucose

<u>Under aerobic conditions,-</u>

The pyruvate is converted into <u>Acetyle CoA </u>so as to further produce <u>citric acid  </u>and then citric acidic cycle. Thus Acetyle CoA forms more ATP which help in the regeneration of NAD+ and production of citric acid cycle takes place.

<em>HENCE , The correct options are - </em><u>lactate </u>  <u>cori </u>  <u>acetyle CoA </u>  <u>citric acid.</u>

7 0
3 years ago
How does research into natural selection and traits help you understand why some butterflies have coloration that looks like the
QveST [7]

Answer/Explanation:

Natural selection - over time - selects for traits that improve fitness. A butterfly with wing coloration that looks like a hungry owl would certainly be a deterrent to their natural predators, such as smaller birds. This is because the owl is the predator of the smaller birds, and their instinct is to avoid the owl.

If a mutation arose that resulting in coloration that looked like an owl, (or at least slightly menacing) this would be beneficial to the butterfly, as it would be more camouflaged from predators. This means it would be more likely to reach reproductive age and pass the mutation onto its offspring, who would also have a competitive advantage.

Over time, this would lead to a population of butterflies with coloration that looks more and more owl-like .

7 0
3 years ago
After strenuous exercise sore muscles can occur because of?
kramer
The correct answer is A buildup of lactic acid in the tissues I think. I hope this helped dear:)
3 0
1 year ago
A plant uses a gas from the air to make sugar during photosynthesis. This process is part of the..
Anit [1.1K]

Answer:

Plants are autotrophs, which means they produce their own food. They use the process of photosynthesis to transform water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into oxygen, and simple sugars that the plant uses as fuel.

Explanation:

3 0
2 years ago
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