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Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War. Though the Union victory had given some 4 million enslaved people their freedom, the question of freed blacks’ status in the postwar South was still very much unresolved. Under black codes, many states required Black people to sign yearly labor contracts; if they refused, they risked being arrested, fined and forced into unpaid labor. Outrage over black codes helped undermine support for President Andrew Johnson and the Republican Party.
Explanation:
The use of poison gas in World War I was a major military innovation. The gases ranged from disabling chemicals, such as tear gas and the severe mustard gas, to lethal agents like phosgene and chlorine. This chemical warfare was a major component of the first global war and first total war of the 20th century. The killing capacity of gas was limited — only 4% of combat deaths were due to gas — however, the proportion of non-fatal casualties was high, and gas remained one of the soldiers' greatest fears
Poison gas was indiscriminate and could be used on the trenches even when no attack was going on. Whereas the machine gun killed more soldiers overall during the war, death was frequently instant or not drawn out and soldiers could find some shelter in bomb/shell craters from gunfire. A poison gas attack meant soldiers having to put on crude gas masks and if these were unsuccessful, an attack could leave a victim in agony for days and weeks before he finally succumbed to his injuries.
By the time the war ended, the main user of poison gas was Germany, followed by France and then Britain. Though poison gas was a terrifying weapon, its actual impact, rather like the tank, is open to debate. The number of fatalities was relatively few - even if the terror impact did not diminish for the duration of the war.
PHEW!!
<span>During the Age of Enlightenment, people continued the questioning of traditional authority that had begun in the Renaissance, causing changes to ripple throughout society. By questioning the traditional explanations for the world, for example, scientists began to investigate the world as it really was, carrying out experiments and making observations of the natural world. Edmund Halley, for instance, identified the orbital pattern of the comet that bears his name, and Antoine Lavoisier discovered and identified oxygen and hydrogen and identified the role that the former plays in combustion.Questioning authority also had huge effects in the political realm. Philosophers such as John Locke, Jeremy Bentham, Thomas Jefferson, Montesquieu and Jean-Jacques Rousseau began to question the traditional organization of power in which noble elites ruled, sometimes capriciously, over a group of relatively powerless common people. Instead, they called for a more democratic society in which the government existed to protect each person's natural rights and had a balance of power that did not permit any one person or group to rule by fiat. These political ideas led to the revolutions in France and America and ultimately influenced governments across the world.
Thinkers in the Age of Enlightenment stressed the ideas that traditional authority was not always correct, and humans could and should improve themselves through reason.<span> This period saw numerous advances in science and massive political changes in Europe and North America</span>
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Spanish explorer and conquistador Hernando de Soto
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Explanation:
Indian Independence Day Activities for Children
- Flag Hoisting. Independence Day celebrations are incomplete without hoisting the tricolor.
- Help Organise Plays or Skits.
- Dance and Song Competition.
- Independence Day Theme Party.
- Fancy Dress Competition.
- Patriotic Movies.
- Buy Books.
- Take Your Kid for Historical Walk.
- Drawing and Painting Competition.
- Organize Independence Day Quiz