Answer:
<em>decreased variation in the shades of red over time because no form of the trait is advantageous</em>
Explanation:
Natural selection tends to favor those organisms which are better adapted to live in an environment. These organisms are able to survive and pass on their characteristics to their offsprings.
The red colour of the male cardinal's was selected by natural selection and hence this colour was abundant. If the females choose some other criteria for mating with males, then natural selection will no longer favor the red colour and hence there will be a decrease in the variations of red coloiur.
If the animals are not closely related, but the structures are meant to serve the same function (structure determines function!) then the structures are analogous. The difference between analogous and homologous is that in analogous structures, the creatures are not closely related but the structure serves the same purpose (like bat wings/bird wings) and homologous structures are similar structures directly as a result of ancestry.
Urban areas are crowded places with many apartments, offices, restaurants, parking lots and shopping centers. Comparing the amount of dirt, wastages and pollutants that are released into streams and lakes by each of these sources, we can conclude that the construction of a shopping mall or parking lot contributes a lot to the addition of the wastage into the streams and lakes
A shopping mall and parking lot in itself occupies a lot of space hindering the air balance and also increasing the traffic in the area and the adjacent areas leading to this area. On the other hand , this construction accommodates hundreds of shops that discards bulks of packaging materials in the form of plastic covers, fabric, card boards and other wastages which will have to be dumped every day.
Apart from this, urban areas have major part of the land covered with roofs and roads thus making all the rain water flow into the sewer and drainages washing out chemical wastes, pet wastes and other garbages into the streams and lakes.
A - Rolling Hills
abiotic = non living
all the other answers had to do with biotic factors (human, animals, trees)
The islets of Langerhans, which are regions of the pancreas, so D.
