The correct option is C.
Secondary consumers are those consumers who feed on primary consumers. Ladybug feed on soft bodied insects such as aphids. Aphids are pest and they feed on the crops which farmers planted, ladybug in turn feed on these aphids.
A nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction between the carboxylic group and the amino group bonds the amino acids together.
I think it is erosion (2) because erosion removes soil, rock, and dissolved material.
Answer: the pioneer species
Explanation: