1.Movement.
All living things move in some way.
2.Respiration is a chemical reaction that happens within cells to release energy from food.
3.Sensitivity.
The ability to detect changes in the surrounding environment.
4. Growth.
5.Reproduction.
Excretion
6. Nutrition.
Answer:
The resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics is increasing and the disease which were easily treatable using the antibiotics, are now incurable and bacteria becomes resistant.
The overdose and misuse of antibiotics Is a big concern of worry. Every time we use antibiotics, it will kill the bacteria which were sensitive but resistant bacteria will survive and starts growing and this process will increase the growth of the resistant bacteria upon the nest use of the antibiotics.
Also due to unawareness, the use of antibacterial tablets against viral infections also cause increase in resistance of bacteria against antibiotics.
The tree topology
The lengths of the branches
The branching order of the tree
Nucleotide substitution rate
These would not affect maximum likelihood estimates of phylogenies when comparing different tree hypotheses.
<h3>What is tree topology?</h3>
- A unique kind of structure called a tree topology has numerous connected parts arranged like the branches of a tree.
<h3>The lengths of the branches:</h3>
- Branch lengths are a sign of genetic divergence; the longer the branch, the more genetic divergence has taken place.
- Usually, we calculate the average number of nucleotide or protein substitutions per site to assess the degree of genetic alteration.
<h3>The branching order of the tree:</h3>
- The topology of a tree refers to its branching structure.
- Species (or higher taxa), populations, genes, and proteins are examples of taxonomic units that the nodes represent.
- A branch is referred to as an edge, and it represents an estimate of the length of time between the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic units.
<h3>What is nucleotide substitution rate?</h3>
- The instantaneous rate of change from each of the four nucleotides to each of the other four nucleotides is summarized in the nucleotide substitution rate matrix.
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Answer:
Like with fingerprints, no two people have the same brain anatomy, a study has shown. This uniqueness is the result of a combination of genetic factors and individual life experiences. Like with fingerprints, no two people have the same brain anatomy, a study by researchers of the University of Zurich has shown.
