The appearance of a flat anvil top indicates that the developing thunderstorm cloud (cumulonimbus) has reached a(n) extremely stable portion of the atmosphere.
Strong winds at high altitudes help create anvils in thunderclouds. The flat top of the anvil forms when rising cloudy air meets the highly stable air of the tropopause and lower stratosphere.
This marks the beginning of the second stage (maturation). The term downdraft is used to describe rain and cold air that begins to descend from a thunderstorm. Downdrafts cumulonimbus (as opposed to updrafts) can be thought of as cold air masses in clouds heading toward the Earth's surface.
Learn more about cumulonimbus at
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D. Kashmir is a flashpoint between the two, tense countries ever since the independence of Pakistan from India in 1947.
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The statement is TRUE.
<span>The North Island of New Zealand is known for its volcanic activity, national parks and cosmopolitan cities. Home to about three-quarters of New Zealand’s population, it has the country’s largest city, Auckland. Surrounded by bays and islands, it’s known as the “the City of Sails.” At its southern tips is harbourside capital Wellington, home to the national museum, Te Papa.</span>
Let's start from the beginning.
<span>Millions and millions of years ago, planet Earth was absolutely crowded with volcanoes. </span>
<span>As you may know, volcanoes release steam and gasses. </span>
<span>As the years went by, the gasses released from volcanoes formed the atmosphere around the planet, which prevented the steam from disappearing into outer space. </span>
<span>The steam eventually, in cycles, began to fall back to Earth. Viola, rain had just been "invented". </span>
<span>As more and more rain fell, considering almost every surface of the planet was volcanic, the water began to build up and "flood" the planet. Many active volcanoes had now been transformed into underwater volcanoes. </span>
<span>As more and more years went by, eventually, bacteria in the water slowly began to evolve, first into jelly-fish like creatures, then tadpole-like creatures, leading all the way up to large ferocious underwater reptiles, amphibians and fish. </span>
<span>As the planet started to warm up, probably by methane gasses released from the prehistoric underwater creatures, the water levels on Earth began to drop again. At the same time, the active underwater volcanoes were creating new landmasses, either by lava cooling on the surface of the water or tectonic plates pushing the volcano above sea level. </span>
<span>So, this, is how fossils of sea creatures ended up in high land-based mountains. </span>
<span>Because millions of years ago, most of Earth was underwater until the water levels dropped or lands "grew" higher. </span>
<span>The Rocky Mountains were once underwater. </span>
<span>If you take a look at images of the Grand Canyon in the United States, you'll see that it resembles the deep caverns and canyons that you find at the bottom of oceans. </span>
<span>That's because the Grand Canyon WAS at the bottom of an ocean.</span>
