Empire means a group of countries or companies that are under the control of one person.
Answer: 3. Punishing behaviour that deviates from the terminal behaviour
Explanation: shaping procedure is the process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior. It usually starts by reinforcing a behaviour that the individual already has and in some way related to the terminal (desired) behaviour; this is the first approximaion. After this is strengthened, the reinforcement is extinguished and then the next behaviour which is a closer approximation is strengthened and eventually extinguished.
This process continues with each approximation closer to the terminal behaviour until the terminal behaviour is achieved. For every step or approximation, the previous reinforcement has to be extinguished in order to move the process closer to the end goal, which is the terminal (desired) behaviour.
Early civilizations always formed near rivers/river deltas. Rivers provide water, silt (fertile soil) which is good for farming, and transportation, as well as natural barriers (such as the cataracts-rapids-in the Nile) which protected the Egyptians from invasions/attacks. The Nile is also predictable in it's seasonal flooding (compared to other early civilizations' rivers), which was good for the Egyptians.
(All of those factors influenced the development of the Egyptian civilization.)
Answer:
Spring.
Explanation:
Russia is in the northern hemisphere.
Answer:A slave is property, bound to work as his/her owner sees fit. A slave has no legally protected rights of ownership. Some slaves in some sense ‘owned’ property, or even money, but this was always at the owner’s discretion, and legally it all belonged to the owner really.
Serfdom, on the other hand, was an implicit contractual relationship. The serf owed both labour and rent, usually in kind — serfdom is typical of an economy with little use of money. In return, the lord owed protection and justice. These were rough times, and a common labourer without a lord would not be able to prevent marauders seizing his land.
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