Desiderius Erasmus was not "<span>a. Archduke of Canterbury," since in fact this position was only held by people who later relinquished the title for mostly military reasons. </span>
It's D.
Many alchemists wanted to create the sorcerers stone (creates gold according to a legend).
They studied ores to find out more about the world.
Plus, they also wanted to cure diseases with their practice. (To this day you see stone therapy, which is said to be beneficial for your health)
The "doctrine of free will" blended easily with political ideas about democracy and independence because it taught people that their actions would have consequences.
the way United States maximize industrial output during the war was: It exempted some workers in wartime industries from the draft.
During the war, many men were obligated by law to contribute their service to the country. Those that are not physically capable to be a soldier tend to be exempted and required to contribute to other sectors of the war. One of them was as workers in war-related industries.