The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Since the beginning of the Islamic era in 622, the diffusion of Muslim advancement in science, technology, or mathematics spread basically through trade and conquest. As Muslims conquered territories, they established trade routes and spread the Muslim's teachings to the conquered regions, although they allowed people to have their own belief systems.
So since medial times, Muslims shared their knowledge and inventions in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, algebra, cartography, geography, cosmology, alchemy, astronomy, opthalmology, chemistry, botany, agronomy, medicine, pharmacology, and the development of trade in the harsh conditions of the desert.
