Defenses against herbivory and adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen are likely to cause human health problems.
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What are defense responses against herbivores?</h3>
The first line of defense in plants is an intact and impenetrable barrier composed of bark and a waxy cuticle. Both protect plants against herbivores.
Other adaptations against herbivores include hard shells, thorns (modified branches), and spines (modified leaves).
They discourage animals by causing physical damage or by inducing rashes and allergic reactions.
Some Acacia tree species have developed mutualistic relationships with ant colonies: they offer the ants shelter in their hollow thorns in exchange for the ants’ defense of the tree’s leaves
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Answer:
In gram staining, 95% ethanol is used to destain the gram-negative bacteria but gram-positive bacteria do not get destain because peptidoglycan layer in gram-positive cell wall does not allow crystal violet- iodine complex to come out of the cell wall.
Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan cell wall and so crystal violet comes out of the cell wall by using 95% ethanol because ethanol dissolves the lipopolysaccharide membrane of gram-negative bacteria and allow the dye to leak out.
Therefore if I forgot to apply 95% ethanol than crystal violet dye will not come out of the lipopolysaccharide cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and it will appear violet under the microscope.
