The answer is D. Farming settlements in the Indus Valley River began being established in 4000 BCE.
4 because Pakistan is in the Middle East
Each state had to ratify the thirteenth amendment
D. adventures is not a reason why the French explorers settled in North America.
If I'm not wrong it's electric because without electricity many advancements wouldn't have been possible like for example; trains, light, radio etc; hoped it helped!