The Hijrah is a significant event in the history of Islam in that it signified an important journey that Muhammad and his followers took in 622 CE. Fearing assassination Muhammad and his followers fled Medina and travelled north to the city of Yathrib. Here they established themselves and the city later became known as Medina Al-Nabi or "the City of the Prophet" and was eventually shortened to its current name just Medina. In Medina Muhammad and his followers suffered hardship to reestablish themselves and survive signifying an important step in the survival of the Islamic faith.
The doctrine incorporation of the constitution is guaranteed through the first ten amendments.
Through the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, certain provisions of the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution, also known as the Bill of Rights, are made applicable to the states under the incorporation concept. Both administratively and substantively, incorporation is applicable.
The Supreme Court determined that the Bill of Rights only applied to the Federal government and to actions brought in federal courts before the doctrine (and the Fourteenth Amendment) were in place. The preamble to the Bill of Rights emphasizes the significance of the Bill of Rights in minimizing overreach by the newly constituted government.
Every state involved in the negotiations for the Constitution had varying degrees of worries with a too powerful Federal government. The Bill of Rights was obviously meant to place restrictions primarily on the federal authority, the Supreme Court ruled (see Barron v. City of Baltimore (1833)). States and state courts were free to enact such legislation at their discretion.
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Answer:
The main result from the increase of trade that followed the Crusades was the further development of several European and Middle Eastern cities, especially those with ports in the Mediterranean, and the development of closer ties between the two regions.
Cities like Venice, Genoa, Pisa, Amalfi, Constantinople and Accre benefited quite a lot from this new trade developments, and became, accordingly, some of the wealthiest areas of the region at the time.
Explanation:
Southern California and Australia
These are the sunniest and hottest of the places listed
