Answer:
The correct answer is D. The European Imperial Powers were who determined the borders of African colonies and later countries.
Explanation:
The European Imperial Powers determined the African borders at the Berlin Conference.
The Berlin Conference took place in Berlin from November 15, 1884 to February 26, 1885, marking the European collaboration in the partition and territorial division of Africa. Germany, Austria, Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, France, Great Britain, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia and the United States participated in it. The declared objective was to "regulate the freedom of trade in the Congo and Niger basins, as well as new occupations of territories on the west coast of Africa."
The widespread sentiment that influenced the rise of totalitarianism was a fear of instability and the rise of nationalism in countries like Germany and Italy. Authoritarian leaders crystallized the notion that a singular leader, a strong military, limited dissent and nationalism were the ingredients necessary for a strong state. This became a normative framework in Germany and Italy.
