Ellis's concept of “irrational belief” (<span>Maladaptive thinking)</span> suggests that people's generalized "shoulds" and "musts" create their emotional and behavioral dysfunctions.
A famous example is given of the scenario when someone sets a goal of his/her happiness that they are loved by each and everyone around them, this is irrational belief which is actually impossible and moreover this hands over the option of happiness to other people than the person himself. <span />
The correct answer is denial.
Denial is a defense mechanism in which an individual refuses to accept or believe something, because doing so would cause them great distress and emotional disturbance. In this instance, Mahmoud does not want to accept that his father has cancer due to which he denies the diagnosis and says that there has been a mistake in his father's diagnostic tests.
Both men and women could become victims of violence because both of them
may want to be in control or power which could cause political or
domestic violence. And they also could both become victims of violence because men may
not perform the right judgment on the women which may be a bad thing to
the women.
