It was justified through the Mandate of heaven. Basically. It was thought that only one legitimate ruler could be the ruler of china. And whoever that one ruler was, he was blessed with godlike powers.
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Factories made it possible to make more items than before and in higher quality and also for cheaper amounts of money. This led to a huge expansion in consumption of goods and a creation of a consumer culture. This also led to the rise of advertising and which led to huge growth of the market and the company owners stared earning more and more and developing the economy.
According to the Constitution, laws passed by Congress must be approved by "the President," although it is possible for a law to pass without such approval, if there are enough votes in Congress.
On land they used camels to carry goods and caravans to actually travel in.
When they were near water they used ships.
Physical Sciences have to do with scientific experiments. HOPE I HELPED!