It depends on what you're asking. If angle a and b are both on a straight line, b would equal 169 degrees because the total has to add up to 180 degrees, but if they are on a right angle, b would equal 79 because it has to add up to 90 degrees.
Respiration of carbon dioxide by plant roots can lead to the formation of carbonic acid which can chemically attack rocks and sediments and help to turn them into soils. There are a whole range of weathering processes at work near the surface of the soil, acting together to break down rocks and minerals to form soil.
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Lack of water, and food, being in the vast desert means hard food and little rain this leads to many organisms struggling to live, also being forced to drink dirtier water means you could catch a disease more easily