Mutations can occur before, during, and after mitosis and meiosis. If a mutation occurs in cells that will make gametes by meiosis or during meiosis itself, it can be passed on to offspring and contribute to genetic variability of the population
If you wanted to obtain 100% roan calves, then it si required to cross parents who are homo-zygous (pure lines) for the genes associated with this trait.
<h3>What is a homo-zygous individual?</h3>
A homo-zygous is an individual who has the same gene variants or alleles for a given gene locus.
Conversely, a heterozygous is an individual who has different gene variants or alleles for a given gene locus.
In breeding, pure lines (or purebred) are homo-zygous individuals that may be crossed to obtain the desired trait in the descendence.
Learn more about homo-zygous individuals here:
brainly.com/question/13760394
Cuticles antennae auditory ossicles are parts of arthropods bodies that allow them to breathe air
Answer:
this process is called transformation, and for the first time, Frederick Griffith observed this process, but he could not explain it.
Plants and animals live in interacting, interwined communities. There is a characteristic set of species in different environments. For example, certain species of trees, shrubs, ground cover, arthropods, reptiles, mammals, birds etc. live in a temperate forest environment. A completely different set of creatures live in a marsh, or a grassland or an agroecosystem. However, the relationships between these groups can be defined by the ecological role they play, the flow of energy between them and the cycling of nutrients between them. This is a fancy way of saying "everything is connected"! And if you change one part of the system, something else changes. In an ecosystem management decision, you hope you know what those consequences of your actions are!) This is important in managing agroecosystems as well.
