The italicized word OVER can be used either as a preposition or as an adverb in a sentence. In this particular sentence, the correct answer is adverb.
When over is used as an adverb, it is not followed by any word which would create a phrase along with it (as is the case here). Compare OVER as a preposition (A bird flew over the lake - we can see over what) and OVER as an adverb (Could you come over - we don't know over where or what).
I believe the best answer is D. The discrepancy between what is expected and what really happens as with dramatic irony, this could be quoted as a definition. Dramatic irony is when a reader expects one thing to happen, but something else happens, or when the reader knows something will happen but the character does not.
A biome is an ecosystem - different forms of life on Earth. For example, deserts, forests, grasslands are all considered biomes.
