Answer:
The sun's solar radiation and the wind's movements.
Explanation:
The heat from the sun and air movement is responsible for the weather on Earth. All-weather takes place in the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, which is a gaseous layer that surrounds the planet. The heat of the sun causes the air in this layer to warm to various temperatures in different regions.
The molecular biology technique of reverse genetics can be useful for determining the function of a gene.
<h3>What is reverse genetics?</h3>
Reverse genetics is method use in molecular biology to determine gene function in an organism
The procedure in reverse genetics involves modifying or certain nucleotide sequences in the DNA coding for a functional gene and then observing changes to the phenotype of the organism brought about by the modifications.
Therefore, reverse genetics can be useful for determining the function of a gene.
Learn more about reverse genetics at: brainly.com/question/9896589
Answer:
Explanation: Renewable source are energy that is derived from the environment this include sun, wind. This energy have been utilized by many nations and companies for their activities. Fossil fuel is an example of non- renewable. The advantage of renewable energy include; It ability to be available all the time, they are renewed and always available this include sun, wind.
They are cost efficient this is because renewal of this energy is at no cost,they are available in the environment and can be channel for use.
They require no cost of transportation unlike other fossil fuel that will be moved from one place another and they are eco-friendly they do not bring fear of ozone layer depletion and green house gases.
Answer:
The preceding section reviewed the major metabolic reactions by which the cell obtains and stores energy in the form of ATP. This metabolic energy is then used to accomplish various tasks, including the synthesis of macromolecules and other cell constituents. Thus, energy derived from the breakdown of organic molecules (catabolism) is used to drive the synthesis of other required components of the cell. Most catabolic pathways involve the oxidation of organic molecules coupled to the generation of both energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADH). In contrast, biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways generally involve the use of both ATP and reducing power (usually in the form of NADPH) for the production of new organic compounds. One major biosynthetic pathway, the synthesis of carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O during the dark reactions of photosynthesis, was discussed in the preceding section. Additional pathways leading to the biosynthesis of major cellular constituents (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are reviewed in the sections that follow.
Go to:
Carbohydrates
In addition to being obtained directly from food or generated by photosynthesis, glucose can be synthesized from other organic molecules. In animal cells, glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) usually starts with lactate (produced by anaerobic glycolysis), amino acids (derived from the breakdown of proteins), or glycerol (produced by the breakdown of lipids). Plants (but not animals) are also able to synthesize glucose from fatty acids—a process that is particularly important during the germination of seeds, when energy stored as fats must be converted to carbohydrates to support growth of the plant. In both animal and plant cells, simple sugars are polymerized and stored as polysaccharides.
Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose—essentially the reverse of glycolysis. However, as discussed earlier, the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate is an energy-yielding pathway, generating two molecules each of ATP and NADH. Although some reactions of glycolysis are readily reversible, others will proceed only in the direction of glucose breakdown, because they are associated with a large decrease in free energy. These energetically favorable reactions of glycolysis are bypassed during gluconeogenesis by other reactions (catalyzed by different enzymes) that are coupled to the expenditure of ATP and NADH in order to drive them in the direction of glucose synthesis. Overall, the generation of glucose from two molecules of pyruvate requires four molecules of ATP, two of GTP, and two of NADH. This process is considerably more costly than the simple reversal of glycolysis (which would require two molecules of ATP and two of NADH), illustrating the additional energy required to drive the pathway in the direction of biosynthesis.
