Answer: magnifies spending-income changes into greater changes in aggregate demand, causing demand-pull inflation
Explanation:
The spending multiplier is the ratio of the change in GDP to the change in the autonomous expenditure.
The spending income multiplier magnifies spending-income changes into greater changes in aggregate demand, causing demand-pull inflation. In a situation whereby there's a reduction in the investment spending, there'll be a recession.
a. Risk Premium on J & M common stock = Return on Market - Risk Free Rate
Risk Premium on J & M common stock = 11% - 6%
Risk Premium on J & M common stock = 5%
b. Required Return = Rf + Beta * (RM - RF)
= 6% + 1.2*5%
= 6% + 6%
= 12%
So the required rate of return is 12% which should be atleast provided by J & M common stock.
c. J & M cost of common stock equity is the same as b that equals to 12%.
according experienced exporters suggest that the only way to select a middleman is: to personally talk to ultimate consumers to find whom they consider to be the best distributors.
The main consumers are plant-eating herbivores. Caterpillars, insects, grasshoppers, termites, and hummingbirds are all examples of primary consumers, as they only eat autotrophs (plants). There are major consumers who are called specialists because they eat only one type of producer.
Herbivores — animals that eat only plants — consume plants for energy. Herbivores cannot produce their own energy and are called consumers. Herbivores feed only on producers and are therefore primary consumers at the second trophic level of the food chain.
A consumer is any individual or group that purchases or uses goods or services solely for their personal use and not for manufacture or resale. They are the end users of the distribution chain.
Learn more about consumers here
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