Answer:
The correct choice is ''ion electrochemical gradients''.
Diffusion of ions across membranes through specific ion channels is driven by <u>ion electrochemical gradients</u>.
Explanation:
An electrochemical gradient can be considered as that electrical (electrostatic pressure) and chemical (diffusion) force that determine the movement of molecules and ions across the membrane. This electrochemical gradient, in addition to causing movement of substances through cell membranes, is also a type of potential energy available for the performance of different cellular activities, potential energy called membrane potential.
One reason why a species may go extinct is due to environmental changes. For example, if a environment undergoes deforestation / wild fires it’s environment will no longer be grassy green and would not allow for an animal like the Japanese rat snake to use its green coloring to camouflage from predators
