Villages and towns were built around ubaid farming communities. They are known as Sumerians. They were in control of the area by 3000 B.C. Their culture was comprised of a group of city-states.
The Byzantines spread Christianity mostly by sending out missionaries for the Greek Orthodox Church.
As new magma cools and new rock is created the plates move farther and farther apart. But on the other end of the plate the plate subduction under the other plate making fresh magma and starting the cycle a new. The earth doesn’t increase in size due to the law of conservation of mass.
Early in the twentieth century, rapid economic and technological change, increasing competition among powerful states, and resistance to European domination worked together to destabilize the world system. Underlying tensions and weaknesses led to a series of crises that altered the world in several important ways.
The abolitionists helped get slaves to safety in the north using the underground railroad