<u>Answer:</u>
- few nutrients
- high pressure
- low temperatures
<u>Explanation:</u>
1. Few nutrients: open-ocean zone is located way far from the land, which is the main source of the essential nutrients.
2. High pressure: pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters increase in depth.
3. Ample sunlight: a large fraction of the sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere from the sea surface.
4. Varying salinity: below the thermocline, the water is isolated from the atmosphere so the salinity remains stable over the year.
5. Low temperatures: the temperature of open-ocean zone ranges from a low of -2°C to an average of 17°C.
Answer:
are you nice girls or not
Answer:
A trait is any gene-determined characteristic and is often determined by more than ... by mutated genes that are inherited or that are the result of a new gene mutation. ... A karyotype is a picture of the full set of chromosomes in a person's cells.
Explanation:
Answer:
Blood clothing is an example of positive feedback.
This type of feedback mechanism is useful to the body because it multiplies the factor that intervenes in clotting accelerating the process.
If a toxin affects the molecules that signal for platelets the feedback will not be effective enough to produce clotting and the body will keep bleeding.
Explanation:
Blood clotting is an example of positive feedback due to the fact that when the vascular endothelium is damaged platelets will go to this area and activate themselves once they are in contact with the collagen fibers of the damaged structure. When the platelets are activated they will release the contents that is stored in their granules. One of the contents is a Gq-linked protein receptor cascade, that will increase the concentration of calcium in the platelets. Calcium activates protein kinase C, which, in turn, activates phospholipase A2 (PLA2). PLA2 will modifies an integrin membrane increasing its affinity to bind fibrinogen. The activated platelets change their shape , and the fibrinogen cross-links with the integrin membrane aiding in the aggregation of adjacent platelets. After this the coagulation cascade takes place. there are two pathways the extrinsic and the extrinsic one.
The extrinsic pathway will be activated due to tissular factor released by the platelets and the intrinsic pathway will be activated due to endothelial collagen. The final product of both pathways is factor x.
Factor x will transform prothrombin into thrombin will activate the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. Thrombin will form a net of fibrin that will the clot.
A cascade reaction is useful because every component of the cascade are related making a quick reaction once that one of then is activated and can activate other or more factors.
If a toxin affects the molecules that signals for platelets, platelets will not go to the damaged area and in consequence there will not be thrombin and fibrin to form the clot together with platelets.
Reflection seismology is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves
