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3 years ago

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A student has gotten the following grades on his tests. What is the minimum grade he must get on the last test in order to have

an average of 84?
76, 93, 89, 71
The minimum grade he must get on the last test in order to have an average of 84 is x
What is X?

1 answer:

arsen [322]3 years ago

7 0

The lowest grade that student could get is a 91 or higher

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$a_n=\sqrt{\dfrac{(2n-1)!}{(2n+1)!}}$

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$\dfrac{(2n-1)!}{(2n+1)!}=\dfrac{(2n-1)!}{(2n+1)(2n)(2n-1)!}=\dfrac1{2n(2n+1)}$

So as $n\to\infty$ you have $a_n\to0$ . Clearly $a_n$ must converge.

The second sequence requires a bit more work.

$\begin{cases}a_1=\sqrt2\\a_n=\sqrt{2a_{n-1}}&\text{for }n\ge2\end{cases}$

The monotone convergence theorem will help here; if we can show that the sequence is monotonic and bounded, then $a_n$ will converge.

Monotonicity is often easier to establish IMO. You can do so by induction. When $n=2$ , you have

$a_2=\sqrt{2a_1}=\sqrt{2\sqrt2}=2^{3/4}>2^{1/2}=a_1$

Assume $a_k\ge a_{k-1}$ , i.e. that $a_k=\sqrt{2a_{k-1}}\ge a_{k-1}$ . Then for $n=k+1$ , you have

$a_{k+1}=\sqrt{2a_k}=\sqrt{2\sqrt{2a_{k-1}}\ge\sqrt{2a_{k-1}}=a_k$

which suggests that for all $n$ , you have $a_n\ge a_{n-1}$ , so the sequence is increasing monotonically.

Next, based on the fact that both $a_1=\sqrt2=2^{1/2}$ and $a_2=2^{3/4}$ , a reasonable guess for an upper bound may be 2. Let's convince ourselves that this is the case first by example, then by proof.

We have

$a_3=\sqrt{2\times2^{3/4}}=\sqrt{2^{7/4}}=2^{7/8}$
$a_4=\sqrt{2\times2^{7/8}}=\sqrt{2^{15/8}}=2^{15/16}$

and so on. We're getting an inkling that the explicit closed form for the sequence may be $a_n=2^{(2^n-1)/2^n}$ , but that's not what's asked for here. At any rate, it appears reasonable that the exponent will steadily approach 1. Let's prove this.

Clearly, $a_1=2^{1/2}$ . Let's assume this is the case for $n=k$ , i.e. that $a_k$ . Now for $n=k+1$ , we have

$a_{k+1}=\sqrt{2a_k}$

and so by induction, it follows that $a_n$ for all $n\ge1$ .

Therefore the second sequence must also converge (to 2).

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