Answer:
Confirmation bias
Explanation:
Confirmation bias occurs from the direct influence of desire on beliefs. When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. They are motivated by wishful thinking. This error leads the individual to stop gathering information when the evidence gathered so far confirms the views or prejudices one would like to be true. Once we have formed a view, we embrace information that confirms that view while ignoring, or rejecting, information that casts doubt on it. Confirmation bias suggests that we don’t perceive circumstances objectively. A confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias that involves favoring information that confirms your previously existing beliefs or biases.
For example, imagine that a person holds a belief that left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. Whenever this person encounters a person that is both left-handed and creative, they place greater importance on this "evidence" that supports what they already believe. This individual might even seek "proof" that further backs up this belief while discounting examples that don't support the idea.
Based on Hope's check, her contribution to her RETIREMENT plan b. is pre-tax and therefore not included in federal income taxes.
<h3>What does the check say?</h3>
The check notes that Hope's retirement contribution is not included in her federal taxable income.
This means that the contribution is paid pre-tax and will not be liable for federal income taxes. She will most probably pay taxes on the retirement fund when she withdraws from it.
Find out more on retirement contributions at brainly.com/question/6806179.
Based on the amounts that you are offered and their present values, the offer you should pick is Birr 10,000 in 12 years.
<h3>Which offer should you pick?</h3>
You should pick the offer with the highest present value.
Offer 1 present value:
= Birr 1,000
Offer 2 present value:
= 10,000 / (1 + 11%)²
= Birr 2,858
Offer 3 present value:
= 25,000 / (1 + 11%)³
= Birr 1,840
In conclusion, option 2 has the highest present value and so should be picked.
Find out more on present value calculations at brainly.com/question/27821989.
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Answer:
Economies of scale
Explanation:
Economies of scale refers to reducing total costs per unit by increasing total output. All companies have certain fixed costs, some companies have higher fixed costs than others, but they always exist. When you are producing something, the cost equation is production costs = variable costs per unit + average fixed costs per unit.
Variable costs vary directly with output, while fixed costs do not, e.g. salaries can be fixed, depreciation, rent, interests, etc. The higher the output, the lower the average fixed cost per unit.
Also, sometimes variable costs can also decrease as total output increases. E.g. you can get higher discounts for purchasing larger quantities of materials and supplies.
