The church used the powers of excommunication and interdiction to maintain its power because those that were excommunicated were banned from being involved with the church. They also could not receive the seven sacrament's, and if you didn't receive one of the sacraments before death, you were believed to go to hell.
Answer:
their taxes were high
they had some rights as slaves
their living conditions hadn't improved much since the days of Ivan the Terrible
they were regarded as property of the nobles whose fields they worked
they lived in single room cabins made of logs or clay
Explanation:
Hope this helps, and please mark me brainliest if it does!
Explanation:
the Middle Ages or Medieval Period lasted from the 5th to the late 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.
Answer:
Hello! If they did not give you a passage to read, they may have given you a resource. They may have written a website down for you or something. I see that it says, "Student Resource: Africa's Islamic Capital." Maybe try searching it on the internet.
The Transcontinental Railroad was also instrumental in putting thousands of people to work, and also they were instrumental in transporting cattle and resources in much more efficient ways.