Answer:
The correct answer is letter "E": cost of debt.
Explanation:
The cost of debt is the interest a company pays on its borrowings. It is expressed as a percentage rate. Also, the cost of debt can be calculated as a before-tax rate or an after-tax rate. Before interest is deductible for income taxes, the cost of debt is usually expressed as an after-tax rate.
C, because debtors like having narrower debts.
This phenomenon best illustrates how a progressive income-tax system serves as an automatic stabilizer for the economy.
<h3>What is an automatic stabilizer?</h3>
Automatic stabilizers are stabilizers that adjust the economy automatically without the intervention of external agents . Examples include progressive tax and transfer payments. A progressive tax is a tax structure where those who earn higher income are taxed more and those that earn less pay less amount of tax.
In an expansion, progressive tax increases the tax paid and this reduces disposable income. In a recession, tax paid is reduced and this increases disposable income
Here are the options:
increases crowding out in the economy
decreases real interest rates in the economy
offsets the timing problem for fiscal policy
Serves as an automatic stabiler for the economy
To learn more about taxes, please check: brainly.com/question/25311567
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Answer:
Explanation:
First we need to calculate the expected spot rates for the next 5 years using IRP....
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