Answer:
From the youngest to the oldest :
E
D
A
B
C
Answer:
a.Many mitochondrial genes resemble proteobacteria genes, while the genes in the chloroplast resemble genes found in some photosynthetic bacteria.
c.Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes that are similar to those found in bacteria.
d.Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicate by a process similar to mitosis.
Explanation:
Endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplast which are organelles of eukaryotic cells were once independently living micro-organisms but with due course of time eukaryotic cells engulfed them and they become an integral part of these eukaryotic cells.
The resemblance between mitochondrial genes with those of proteobacteria and chloroplast genes with photosynthetic bacteria strongly support endosymbiotic theory. Apart from this, the presence of their own DNA that too circular just like prokaryotic microbes and 70 S ribosomes also support this theory. Also just like prokaryotic cells, before cell division mitochondria and chloroplasts undergo replication by means of a process known as binary fission.
Answer:
proteins are only able to function properly in their specific shape, they will typically stay in that configuration unless something forces them to change. When proteins change their shape, this is called denaturation. Some external forces that affect protein shape are pH and temperature
yes, Muscularis mucosa - The stomach and small intestine's mucosa are pulled into undulating folds by a thin layer of smooth muscle that is constantly tensed. The surface area that is available for digestion and absorption is significantly increased by these folds.
The submucosa is located directly beneath the mucosa, as its name suggests. It joins the underlying muscularis to the overlaying mucosa by way of a large layer of dense connective tissue. It has blood and lymphatic vessels (which carry nutrients that have been absorbed), as well as a few submucosal glands that secrete digestive juices. Additionally, it functions as a passageway for the submucosal plexus, a densely branched network of nerves.
These layers compress to encourage mechanical digestion, expose more of the food to the chemicals that aid in digestion, and transport the food along the canal.
To learn more about mucosa:
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Answer: 10. A. capital. 9. B. 8. C.
Explanation:
