An enzyme is sensitive to the environmental conditions. It is affected by various chemical and physical factors. Changes in the environmental factors denatures the enzyme.
4 Variable affecting an enzyme function are as follows:
1. pH: An enzyme is affected by change in pH. Every enzyme has its own specific pH at which it works ideally.
2. Temperature: An enzyme works best at ideal temperature. Increase or decrease in the temperature causes denaturation of enzyme.
3. ATP: Increase or decrease in the amount of ATP also affects the function of an enzyme.
4. Product: Increase or decrease in the amount of product also affects the ideal functioning of an enzyme.
Large molecules often cross the plasma membrane while inside vesicles.
Explanation:
The plasma membrane is a fluid membrane mad of phospholipids bilayer. The fatty acid chains are sandwiched in between the phosphate ends of the lipid layers. The fluidity of the membrane is due to the fact that these molecules, including the integral proteins that span the membrane are NOT covalently bound to each other hence can freely move within the membrane. Cholesterol molecules are intercalated in between the fatty acid chains and prevent these carbon chains from binding to each other tightly through hydrogen bonding hence adding to the fluidity of the membrane. The cell membrane has natural pores within it that allow small molecules such as water to pass through, passively, in and out of the cell. Larger molecules have to pass through channels created by the integral proteins while the largest molecules are taken in by endocytosis and taken out by exocytosis, which translates to vesicle transport in cell.
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Sodium would lose an electron to become a positively charged ion.
