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They can use a technique called Polymerase Chain Reaction. This can be done in a test tube or even in a organism. It usually relies on something called Thermostable DNA Polymerase and Taq polymerase. It requires DNA primers that is designed specifically for that DNA region (interest).
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"The most significant effect of population growth in Europe from 1700 to 1800 was urbanization and the creation of large cities which was marked by poverty, crime, and poor sanitation.” Historians have identified several causes for the Industrial Revolution, including: the emergence of capitalism, European imperialism, efforts to mine coal, and the effects of the Agricultural Revolution. Capitalism was a central component necessary for the rise of industrialization.
Cross over is the first way genes are shuffled to give rise to genetic diversity. Cross over takes place in sexual reproduction. The normal way that cross over occurs is chromosomes line up side by side and break off pieces of themselves, then trade those pieces with each other.
If they break the pieces at the same locus in the sequence of base pairs, the result is an exchange of genes called genetic recombination and it ensures that the daughter cells produced have a different genetic makeup from the parent cell and thus diversity occurs.
A :-) Isotopes are forms of the same element with equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons. For example, both carbon-12 and carbon-14 have 6 protons. But carbon-12 has 6 neutrons while carbon-14 has 8 neutrons. By definition, carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14 are all isotopes of the carbon.
