They use foreshortening to depict the figures projecting into the viewer's space.
Answer:
Scale and proportion are both design elements that have to do with size. Scale is the size of one object in relation to the other objects in a design or artwork. Proportion refers to the size of the parts of an object in relationship to other parts of the same object.
Explanation:
Chiaroscuro (I am not sure that is spelled right.)
