Answer:
Less urine production.
Explanation:
The urine production rate in the Pedialyte group is lower as compare to that of the water group because the presence of K, Cl-, and Na ions. The precise combination of electrolytes and sugars in Pedialyte helps in restoring fluid levels and the nutrients in the body that are lost through sweating, urinating, or vomiting and diarrhea. We know that the presence of sodium ions regulation water and electrolyte balance in the body so there is less urine produced by taking Pedialyte group.
<span>There are multiple types of inheritance mechanisms in humans. The well-known ones are include autosomal dominant, where only one copy of the gene is enought for the individual to express that characteristic. Another type is autosomal recessive, in which an individual must receive a copy of the gene from both parents in order for the gene to be expressed. The type concerning blood groups is codominance and it is when two different versions of a gene are expressed. Both of the alleles have a role in the appearance of the characteristic. Both the A blood group and B blood groups are dominant; however, if both alleles are present, the individual has an AB blood group.</span><span />
The false statement is: T lymphocytes produce antibody molecules
B lymphocytes produce antibody molecules.
B cells and T cells or lymphocytes are both cells of the adaptive immune system. Progenitor T cells mature (start to express T cell receptors TCRs, CD4 /CD8 receptors) into T cells in lymphoid organ-thymus. T cell can recognize only those antigens that are presented on antigen-presenting cells, on their surface MHC molecules.
There are three types of T cells: Helper T cells,Cytotoxic T cellsand T regulatory cells.
Answer:
Leptin is a protein hormone composed of 167 amino acids of the cytosine family, it is synthesized mainly by white adipose tissue. The leptin receptor is related to that of receptors for cytosines (since it uses Janus or JAK type kinases and STAT-3 proteins as intracellular mediators of transcription pathway), it is predominantly found in the hypothalamus (particularly in the arcuate nucleus and to a lesser extent in the nuclei dorsomedial and ventromedial), hippocampus and cerebellum. There is evidence that leptin acts at the level of the arcuate nucleus, preventing the formation of NPY.
Explanation:
Leptin is produced exclusively in adipose tissue cells in a wide variety of species, including humans, and its concentration is higher in overweight than in lean individuals. The biological actions of leptin can be classified into two groups, those that are exerted in the tissues of the central nervous system, mainly the hypothalamus, and those that are carried out on the peripheral tissues. The former regulate body weight downward, decrease food intake, increase basal energy expenditure and modify some neuroendocrine functions such as reproduction, while the latter have effects on proliferation, differentiation and metabolism of peripheral tissues. The leptin that reaches the hypothalamus, in addition, inhibits protein synthesis and the secretion of neurons producing NPY / AgRP of the arcuate nucleus and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of those containing POMC. NPY (neuropeptide Y) is produced in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. This neurotransmitter arrives through the projections of the neurons of said nucleus to the paraventricular nucleus, which is the area where it is released. There are several studies that have shown that an increase in NPY leads to an increase in the sensation of hunger and thus to hyperphagia and obesity. Leptin acts at the level of the arcuate nucleus, preventing the formation of NPY. The leptin receptor lacks enzymatic activity in its intracellular domain. Instead, it is linked to members of the janus kinase family, which belong to a class of tyrosine kinases. The binding of the ligand activates the Jak kinase and leads to the phosphorylation of certain cytoplasmic proteins. Within these proteins there is a class of cytoplasmic transcription factors called signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT).
Answer: Bacteria can live in hotter and colder temperatures than humans, but they do best in a warm, moist, protein-rich environment that is pH neutral or slightly acidic. There are exceptions, however. Some bacteria thrive in extreme heat or cold, while others can survive under highly acidic or extremely salty conditions.
