The correct answer is through genetic code present in mRNA called codons.
Explanation:
The translation is a process of synthesis of proteins from mRNA in which the mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids.
DNA is transcribed into mRNA via transcription process. After transcription, the nitrogenous bases are read by the ribosomes in a group of 3 called "triplets or codons" which codes for specific amino acids. These amino acids are bonded via peptide bond to form a polypeptide chain.
Thus, through genetic code present in mRNA called codons is the correct answer.
Translation of mRNA into a peptide occurs in sequences of 3 nucleotides called codons. Each codon codes for one amino acid. Therefore, as the ribosome reads the codon sequence, it recruits a t-RNA carrying the respective amino acid. A peptide bond is thereafter formed on the growing amino acid chain before the ribosome translocates to read the next codon. This continues until the ribosome reads a stop codon signaling the end of the peptide.
The phosphorus cycle does not include an atmospheric component because phosphorus does not cycle through the atmosphere. In comparison, important processes of the carbon and nitrogen cycle occur in the atmosphere.
