Answer:
Science-push
Explanation:
The science push approach was the first linear model (1950s - 1960s) developed in order to explain the innovation process. It is called a linear model since it believed that innovation started with scientific discovery, then invention, engineering, manufacturing and finally the marketing of a new product.
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<u>Science-push approach</u>
basic science ⇒ research an development ⇒ production ⇒ marketing
The basic error of this model is that it doesn't consider any type of feedback at any stage.
The original price was 84 dollars
Answer: <u>FORMATIVE EVALUATION</u> is research to identify consumer needs and orientations and in the communication analysis stage to focus on specific audiences, evaluate audience message behaviors, field test messages to guide message conceptualization and development, and identify communication channels with high audience reach, specificity, and influence.
Explanation: Formative evaluation is a research process in which users' needs are analyzed, mainly focusing on specific audiences, how messages are received by these audiences and how it influences them and helps identify the most appropriate information channel .
Answer:
External failure costs
Explanation:
A recall of a process is determined as a recommendation for a good or service to be returned, exchanged or replaced after a retailer or consumption watch group uncovers deficiencies that could impede performance, cause frustration or cause producers legal problems.