In photosynthesis, the movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen is proton gradient and is coupled to<u> transfer of </u><u>protons</u>.
Protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane and into the lumen through the electron transport chain (the space inside the thylakoid disk). Protons are simultaneously removed from the stroma by reduction of NADPH and added to the lumen via water splitting (the space outside the thylakoids). Protons are pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen as a result of the electron passing through the first link in the electron transport chain. A fourth protein complex in the thylakoid membrane, ATP synthase, then uses the energy stored in this proton gradient to produce ATP. This protein complex, like the mitochondrial enzyme, links proton flow back across the membrane to the creation of ATP.
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A the flowering of the four oclock plant at the same time
The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons it has, and if the atom is neutral, it will also be the number of electrons. Therefore:
The atom you're talking about has 103 protons, and an atomic number of 103.
Hope it helped,
BioTeacher101
He based his hypothesis on a statement made by a dairymaid.
