A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem most commonly found in shallow, tropical water.
Places with a tropical wet climate are also known as rainforests. These equatorial regions have the most predictable weather on Earth, with warm temperatures and regular rainfall. Annual rainfall exceeds 150 centimeters (59 inches), and the temperature varies more during a day than it does over a year.
"The author portrays the character with a few simple traits" would describe a flat character, since "flat" is the opposite of "deep" when it comes to showing different character trains, personality flaws, etc.
True they all share the belief that there religon started with Jerusalem or has huge significant value in the holy city.