Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is powered by the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
These electrons come originally from glucose and are shuttled to the electron transport chain when they gain electrons.
As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water. Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.). As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water.
Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.
Answer:
Plasmin
Explanation:
Plasmin is a serine protease also referred to as fibrin digesting enzyme, it is responsible for the dissolving or degradation of blood clot. The process by which plasmin degrades blood clot is called fibrinolysis. Note that plasmin (active) is formed from an inactive enzyme called plasminogen.
Answer:
B) sympathetic and parasympathetic
Explanation:
e autonomic nervous system also called the vegetative nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system which inervates smooth muscle and glands. Thus, it directly affects the function of internal organs and regulates functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, urination etc. This nervous system control is unconscious.
The autonomic nervous system is divided into: the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.
Parasympathetic nervous system works when organism is at rest so it is known as system responsible for "rest and digest functions". On the other hand, sympathetic nervous system works at active and stressful situations and it is known as "fight and flight" system.
