Using the court system is the direct strategy commonly used by interest groups which involves lawsuits, legal fees, and amicus curiae briefs. Option C is correct.
An amicus curiae brief is a written submission to a court in which an amicus curiae (literally a "friend of the court": a person or organization who/which is not party to the proceedings) can set out legal arguments and recommendations in a case.
The "Washington" in this question, of course, is Booker T. Washington, an African-American leader. Washington advocated gradualism. That meant being patient and doing what white society would allow, which meant changes and better times for blacks would come slowly.
A different point of view was taken by another leader in the black community: W.E.B. DuBois. Dubois noted that Washington's approach was not accomplishing any real gains for blacks. He also felt that Washington's point of view showed acceptance of the racial inferiority of blacks. Plus he saw that institutions in the black community were being dominated by persons like Washington, rather than really empowering all individuals for themselves.
DuBois argued that all black citizens should have the right to vote, equality as citizens, and access to education according to their abilities.
It was the Japanese Americans. This is because Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in America, which made Americans suspicious of the Japanese Americans.
Hope this helped. Lmk if you still have a question or this explanation wasn't clear enough. :-)
