Well, first off the spongy mesophyll does have some chloroplasts, however they are located quite far from the surface of the leaf where most of the chloroplasts are. Therefore they don't get much light and don't contribute a lot to photosynthesis in the leaf. So why should the leaf waste the energy in making chloroplasts if there is not enough light to make them all efficient enough at photosynthesis?
Monosaccharides are simple sugar unit molecules, whereas polysaccharides are enormous, linking thousands of sugar units. Monosaccharides provide cells with short-term energy. Polysaccharides provide long-term energy storage and rigid structure to cell walls and exoskeletons of animals.
Answer:
The correct answer would be levodopa/carbidopa.
Tolcapone is a drug used as an adjunct to levodopa/carbidopa combination medication.
These drugs are used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Tolcapone is used to inhibit enzyme COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase).
In the brain, levodopa is converted into dopamine which helps in controlling the movement.
Carbidopa helps in preventing the breakdown of levodopa in the blood which allows more levodopa to enter the brain. In addition, it helps in reducing the side-effects associated with levodopa such as vomiting, nausea et cetera.
By examining the F1 complex of ATP synthase which is from Bovine heart mitochondria. Then we should ask what prevents F1 complex from rotating with Fo c-ring complex?. It is bound to the central stalk. F1 rotates with Fo c-ring complex and nothing prevents it. The mitochondrial membrane is where Fo c-ring is bounded. Stationary "a" subunit of Fo is where the stator which is connected to it bounds.
In conclusion, we will say that the answer is, it is bounded by the stator, which is corrected to the stationary "a" subunit of Fo.
The ring-shaped C subunits form the rotor of the F1FO complex. FOF1 is bound to the central stalk, Therefore, it prevents it from rotation which is during the translocation of protons
Answer:
Its Euglena
Explanation:
Shape change from normal elongated egg-shape to round-shape in stressful environment. These shape changes attain two transition phases. The I-transition phase is reversible where the organism can return to normal if favourable environment persists.
