B/ <span>Cost of repainting the kitchen before moving in</span>
Answer:
E. have a sinking fund provision
Explanation:
Callable bonds are the one wherein the issuer/borrower has an option to redeem the bonds anytime after an initial stipulated period. In case of such bonds, if the issuer decides to redeem the bonds, the holders have to accept the redemption value.
Usually, when market rate of interest on such bonds falls below the coupon rate of such bonds, the issuer redeems such bonds. Thus, such bonds are beneficial to the issuer.
Call protection refers to the period within which such bonds cannot be called or redeemed.
Sinking fund provision refers to transferring a portion of money during the duration of such callable bonds to a separate reserve known as sinking fund, which is created for the purpose of redemption of funds. So when such bonds are to be called, the total money transferred to sinking fund reserve would be raised and used for payment to bondholders.
Creation of such a reserve helps the issuer avoid the pressure of lump sum payment as periodically funds are set aside for the purpose of redemption.
C Reducing the financial risk for individual investors
Answer: d. charge a high price to high-value consumers and a low price to low-value consumers
Explanation: Price discrimination as a selling strategy involves charging customers different prices for the same product or service. It is often based on what the seller thinks they can get the customer to agree to and that customers can be asked to pay more or less based on certain demographics or on how they value the product or service on sale. Therefore, for a firm to maximize total profits through price discrimination, it should charge a high price to high-value consumers and a low price to low-value consumers.