I believe the process is called equivocation
equivocation refers to the usage of meaningless/ambigous language in order to conceal a certain truth.
The meaningless language/redundancy in this particular case served as an action to stray the audience away from the core content of the information.
Answer:
Explanation:
The closing entry of the income summary account is shown below:
Income summary A/c Dr $81,300
To Retained Earning A/c $81,300
((Being the difference is credited to retained earning))
The retained earning balance is calculated by taking a difference between:
= Annual revenues - Expenditure
= $185,000 - $103,700
= $81,300
The income summary should always be closed after closing of revenue and expenditure account.
Answer:
The value of the stock = $19.64
Explanation:
According to the dividend valuation model, <em>the value of a stock is the present value of the expected future cash flows from the stock discounted at the the required rate of return.</em>
Year Workings Present value(PV)
1 $1 × (1.22) × 1.11^(-1) = 1.10
2 $1 × (1.22)^2 ×(1.11)^(-2) = 1.21
3 $1 × ((1.22)^2 × (1.05))/0.11-0.05) = 21.35 ( PV in year 2 terms)
PV (in year 0) of Year 3 dividend = 21.35 × 1.11^(-2)
= 17.33 (see notes)
<em>The value of the stock</em> = $1.10+ $1.21 + 17.3
= $19.64
Notes:
<em>Note the growth applied to year 3 dividend gives the PV in year 2 terms. So we need to re-discount again to year 0.</em>
<em />
The value of the stock = $19.64
Answer: Joint operating agreement
Explanation:
The joint operating agreement is one of the concept that helps in protecting the business or the industry from the failure that helps in governing the partnership between any two organization.
In this type of agreement any two organization are basically contributing their power and the resources for producing the effective result.
According to the given question, the newspaper industry is one of the example of joint operating agreement in which two companies are permitted for combining their business. Therefore, Joint operating agreement is the correct answer.
