Correct answer is (d) the failure to acknowledge American Indians as equals.
Explanation:
Many whites believed they had a duty to bring their beliefs to American Indians, things like farming, democratic government, and the Christian religion. Others didn't believe that American Indians were even capable of taking care of themselves because they lived so differently than whites. Either way, the settlers' failure to acknowledge American Indians as equals ultimately created many problems.
The effect of the "Trail of Tears" on Native Americans is that they were forced to move into Indian Territory.
The “Trail of Tears” policy resulted in a lot of Cherokee people being killed and those who were not murdered were forcibly relocated into “Indian Territory”.