Answer:
The correct answer is c. It enables the rapid transfer of electrons, thereby increasing the efficiency of proton pumping.
Explanation:
Having three complexes will increase efficiency due to the fact that these complexes are connected, being more efficient in proton pumping.
The option which is not a characteristic of chordates is chloroplasts in their cells.
Chordates do have a dorsal supporting rod (vertebrates are types of chordates - they have a spine), a dorsal hollow nerve cord (within the spine), and pharyngeal pouches. However, they do not have chloroplasts, because that is a characteristic of photoautothropic eukaryotes, which chordates certainly are not.
Interphase is the cell grows and makes a copy of its DNA's and in m phase the cell separates the DNA's and divide its cytoplasm, forming two new cells
