Question

One way in which organisms maintain homeostasis is by detecting foreign cells and particles like pathogens and cancer cells. once the pathogen is detected and identified, other systems in the organism's body can attack the invader, thus keeping the organism healthier. cells of the human immune system are finely tuned to recognize and respond quickly to disease-causing organisms.

Answer 1

Complete question:

One way in which organisms maintain homeostasis is by detecting foreign cells and particles like pathogens and cancer cells. once the pathogen is detected and identified, other systems in the organism's body can attack the invader, thus keeping the organism healthier. cells of the human immune system are finely tuned to recognize and respond quickly to disease-causing organisms. (Note: you will find model 1 in the attached files)

• A pathogen has entered the bloodstream of an individual. Draw the symbol that represents the pathogen.

• One response of human immune system is endocytosys of the pathogen by a phagocyte (a type of white blood cell). Refer to model 1.

1. Which diagram in the cell mediated response illustration shows this porcess?
2. Draw the symbol that represents phagocytes

• Another type of white cell that is involved in the cell mediated response is a helper T-cell

1. Draw the symbol that represents the helper T-cell in model 1
2. Circle the speciealized surface proteins on a helper T-cell

• Accordign to model 1, are all the helper T-cell the same? Justify your answer with specific evidence from model 1

• The following statement are labeled for the cell mediated process in model 1

--- a piece of pahtogen is presented on the surface of the phagocyte

--- the helper T-cell disperses a chemical signal to activate other immune response systems

--- the helper T-cell binds to the piece of pathogen presented on the phagocyte

--- Pathogen is broken appart by chemicals in the phagocyte

1. Determine the order of statements by referring to model 1
2. Decide where each statement belongs in the diagram and label model 1 appropriately. More than one statement might match a diagram, and some diagrams may not match any statement.

• According to model 1, do helper T-cell interact with a free pathogen in the blood?

Answer

• The pathogen in the model is represented with a star.

• The first diagram in the model represents the phagocytosis process. And the phagocyte cell is represented by the bigger irregular cell.  

• In model 1, T cells are the perfectly circular-shaped cells with the Th inside. And the surface proteins in the T-cell are those sticks attached to their membranes. If you look at the model carefully, you will see that these proteins are different in each T-cell. The union site with the antigen changes from cell to cell, making each T-cell specific. One cell has squared binding sites, the other one has semicircular binding sites, while the last one has triangular binding sites.

• Order of statements:

1. Pathogen is broken appart by chemicals in the phagocyte (Diagram 1 - 3th cell)
2. A piece of pahtogen is presented on the surface of the phagocyte (Diagram 1 - 4th cell)
3. The helper T-cell binds to the piece of pathogen presented on the phagocyte (Diagram 3)
4. The helper T-cell disperses a chemical signal to activate other immune response systems (Diagram 4)

• T-Cells do NOT interact with free pathogens. They interact with the antigens on the phagocyte cells.

Explanation:

You will find the complete question, the answer, te explanation and the symbols and representations in the attached files