Explanation:
Haemoglobin acts as a protein buffer.
Haemoglobin- oxygen binding in the blood is part of acid-base homeostasis. The cells within the brain or CNS ensure that more oxygen is taken into the lungs at a faster rate while carbon dioxide is removed; this aids in gaseous exchange and maintaining the pH of the blood- oxygen concentrations are kept high within the blood stream as blood circulates through the body.
Blood pH levels are typically within 7.35 --7.45. it is regulated by coordinated activity controlled by the brain, and carried out by the kidneys and lungs; along with red blood cells. When the body needs more oxygen, CO2 (as waste from cellular respiration), in the blood is converted to biarbonate increasing acidity; at the same time, H released in the reaction, and buffered by haemoglobin.
-The haemoglobin undergoes reduction by oxygen, and the pH level is maintained.
Further Explanation:
A typical oxygen disassociation curve shows haemoglobin’s percentage saturation at different oxygen concentrations (partial pressures). This shows the equilibrium between oxyhaemoglobin (haemoglobin in its oxygen bound state and haemoglobin (free of oxygen molecules). The saturation generally increases with increased partial pressures of oxygen.
Haemoglobin is an oxygen binding protein comprising four iron-based peptide subunits: two α subunits and two β subunits. Each molecule of haemoglobin has the ability to bind up to four oxygen molecules at a time; this occurs via cooperative binding- meaning that with increased haemoglobin- oxygen binding at the protein haemoglobin’s subunits,(where oxygen is a ligand) there is an increase in its affinity for oxygen.
This is because there is a conformational change in the hemoglobin molecule due to the altered orientation of the protein’s secondary structures, making it easier for a second molecule of oxygen to successively followed by more O2-Haem binding until the molecule is saturated- at this point the curve plateaus- it reached its carrying limit.
Hormones bind to chemical receptors in order to cause specific changes in target cells, these lead to changes in the body's internal environment called homeostasis. It includes the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pineal and adrenal glands along with other regions.
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