Answer:
The correct. is D. Realism.
There aren't any statements shown but I think i can help with the second part, artists in different times and places are influenced by the different things around them and by what is happening during that time.
For an example of different places; an artist at a beach would be more likely to draw the beach than an artist in a forest and the same way reversed.
An example of different times; an artist in the 1700s would portray people wearing different clothes than an artist would portray today.
It's organized in 4 sets of dichotomies, which is further broken up into 2 opposite characteristics!
