Preemptive analgesia, a developing clinical concept, is starting an analgesic regimen before the onset of painful stimuli in order to avoid making the nervous system more sensitive to pain-inducing stimuli in the future.
- Pre-emptive analgesia is an antinociceptive medication administered prior to an incision or surgery, thus it's crucial to keep in mind when it should be administered.
- This aids in avoiding the development of altered afferent input processing, which would otherwise exacerbate postoperative pain.
- The three intravenous opioids that are most frequently used to treat postoperative pain are morphine, hydromorphone (dilaudid), and fentanyl.
- The drug of choice for opiates is morphine, which is frequently utilized.
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Answer:243
Explanation: multiply all of them then add and it will be 243
Hypertonic solution, such as increased salt (NaCl) from diet, or from hyperglycemia as in uncontrolled diabetes.
