The correct answer is C. Byzantine
The Byzantine Empire, known also as the Eastern Roman Empire, had control over a large portion of the former Roman Emperor, Including Constantinople, later known as Tsarigrad, nowadays known as Istanbul.
Originally the United States only had atomic weapons, but that all changed when in 1949 the U.S.S.R (or the Soviet Union) set off an atomic bomb, which started the Nuclear Arms race.
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Answer:
If I was you I would choose claim 1.
The answer would be A. D would be close due to it's relation to early European Imperialism, but it isn't due to strictly economic motives.