Vaccines are the most efficacious means of minimizing the impact of infectious diseases on the human population. The challenges and importance of making vaccines that will meet FDA approval have never been greater. Genomics has the potential to improve the process of vaccine development substantially. Genome sequencing can help to identify genetic patterns related to the virulence of a disease, as well as genetic factors that contribute to immunity or successful vaccine response. All this information could lead to vaccines with better and more specific targets that elicit more successful protective immune responses. Comparing the genome sequences of viruses that cause infection with those that do not may provide additional insights. In turn, genome manipulation can facilitate derivation of attenuated strains or other vehicles for delivery of the desired antigens to stimulate immune response. On the other end of the spectrum, analysis of host diversity can reveal effective immune responses and possibly the genetic basis for inappropriate response. The recent progress in definition of the innate immune system, necessary for acquired response, should facilitate the definition of this host diversity.
Voltage gated sodium Channels
Peristalsis in the Esophagus event triggers the opening of the gastroesophageal sphincter.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- In the esophagus, there are two types of peristalsis occurs.The first one is a "primary peristaltic wave" occurs through which bolus enters esophagus during swallowing.
- This "wave pushes the bolus down esophagus", into stomach in a wave lasting about 8–9 seconds.
- The esophageal sphincter in the lower region is separated by both sympathetic and parasymphathetic nerves.
- The pathways of vagal are a major for the relaxation of reflex of LES and this occurs in LES relaxations.
Answer:
Hepatic portal system is the veins, consists of the tributaries and hepatic portal vein.
Explanation:
Hepatic portal system transfers blood from the parts of gastrointestinal tract to the liver. The components of hepatic portal system are hepatic portal vein, superior mesentric vein, inferior mesenteric vein and splenic vein.
The absorbed product of the small intestine first reach to the liver through the hepatic portal system. The lower portion of the esophagus to the upper part of ana.l canal is involved in this system.
Answer:
A GUI based operating system is usually used in personal computers
Explanation:
