The Qing Dynasty was deposed in 1911, following a revolution that had been building since 1894, when Sun Zhongshan, a western-educated revolutionary, founded the Revive China Society in Hawaii, then Hong Kong.
D. a foreign policy stance that espouses a unilateral approach to protecting the best interests of the United States.
This sort of policy agenda was part of the "neoconservative" view of a number of President George W. Bush's advisers -- especially some who had also served in the administration of his father, President George H.W. Bush. In the wake of the 9/11 attacks, there was a desire to push American values and not be shy about doing so with the use of American military might. Sometimes referred to as the "Bush Doctrine," the core ideas were that the United States could pursue this goals on its own (without need for United Nations partnerships), that preemptive strikes were allowable against countries that harbored terrorists, and that regime change for the sake of promoting democracy was a good strategy.
